Modelling Analysis - Revision history

RobertKenward: /* Kaplan-Meier Survival */

2014-12-11T19:08:35Z

Kaplan-Meier Survival

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:08, 11 December 2014
Line 37:		Line 37:
	The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.		The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.

	Example data are in the folder <i>~~raptors~~</i>) from 205 first year goshawks that were tagged in or near their natal nests (<i>~~GoshawkJuvMale~~.srv</i> and <i>~~GoshawkJuvFem~~.srv</i>.		Example data are in the folder <i>goshawk</i> from 205 first year goshawks that were tagged in or near their natal nests (<i>Juv_Male.srv</i> and <i>Juv_Female.srv</i>.

	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

RobertKenward: /* Kaplan-Meier Survival */

2014-12-11T13:25:19Z

Kaplan-Meier Survival

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 11 December 2014
Line 37:		Line 37:
	The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.		The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.

	Example data are the ~~trajectories in~~ first ~~4 years of life for 152 buzzards~~ that were tagged in or near their natal nests (<i>***.srv</i> in the folder <i>buzzards</i>). There are also files <i>one.srv</i> and <i>~~two~~.srv</i> ~~in the folder <i>squirrel</i>, for two sets of squirrels subject to different short-term control measures as a damage-reduction strategy~~.		Example data are in the folder <i>raptors</i>) from 205 first year goshawks that were tagged in or near their natal nests (<i>GoshawkJuvMale.srv</i> and <i>GoshawkJuvFem.srv</i>.

	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===
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	=== time interval ===		=== time interval ===

	The length of time intervals for analysis should be great enough to provide opportunity for a number of deaths, but not too long to detect seasonal differences in timing of mortality. A choice of <i>days</i> rather than <i>one month</i> will bring up a box in which the number of days for each interval can be entered. Typically, monthly intervals are selected unless the period to be analysed is less than about 3 months ~~(use e.g. 5-day intervals for the <i>one.srv</i> and <i>two.srv</i> squirrel example files)~~.		The length of time intervals for analysis should be great enough to provide opportunity for a number of deaths, but not too long to detect seasonal differences in timing of mortality. A choice of <i>days</i> rather than <i>one month</i> will bring up a box in which the number of days for each interval can be entered. Typically, monthly intervals are selected unless the period to be analysed is less than about 3 months.

	=== set 1 start date ===		=== set 1 start date ===

RobertKenward: /* analysis options */

2014-12-09T20:19:59Z

analysis options

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 9 December 2014
Line 41:		Line 41:
	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oakes (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entry of the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entry of the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

RobertKenward at 20:17, 9 December 2014

2014-12-09T20:17:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 9 December 2014
Line 41:		Line 41:
	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on ~~[[Bibliography\|Cox-Oates (1984)]]~~ variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entry of the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entry of the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

RobertKenward: /* analysis options */

2014-12-09T20:12:09Z

analysis options

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:12, 9 December 2014
Line 41:		Line 41:
	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-~~Oakes~~ (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oates (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-~~entryof~~ the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entry of the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

	=== time interval ===		=== time interval ===

RobertKenward: /* analysis options */

2014-12-09T20:10:37Z

analysis options

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 9 December 2014
Line 41:		Line 41:
	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-~~Oates~~ (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oakes (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

RobertKenward: /* analysis options */

2014-12-09T20:09:20Z

analysis options

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 9 December 2014
Line 41:		Line 41:
	=== analysis options ===		=== analysis options ===

	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-~~Oakes~~ (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oates (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

Admin at 08:29, 29 November 2014

2014-11-29T08:29:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 29 November 2014
Line 5:		Line 5:
	The initial contribution to modelling is a new approach to analysing resources, such as habitats, which can estimate minimal requirements of individual animals and hence enable individual-based modelling. There is also a method for estimating survival or dispersal rates that is convenient for data from radio-tagging. There are illustrated explanations of both methods in ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 2001]]). Further components of a toolkit for modelling will be added to this tab in due course, with the ultimate aspiration of linking these in order to automate population modelling from location data and maps.		The initial contribution to modelling is a new approach to analysing resources, such as habitats, which can estimate minimal requirements of individual animals and hence enable individual-based modelling. There is also a method for estimating survival or dispersal rates that is convenient for data from radio-tagging. There are illustrated explanations of both methods in ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 2001]]). Further components of a toolkit for modelling will be added to this tab in due course, with the ultimate aspiration of linking these in order to automate population modelling from location data and maps.

	== Resource ~~area dependence analysis~~ ==		== Resource Area Dependence Analysis ==

	The principle that underlies this analysis is that if an animal requires a particular amount of a resource, such as a particular tree or area of habitat, then it will extend its home-range to an extent necessary to contain than amount of resource. If the resource is rarer, range outlines will be larger. In this case, there will be a negative relationship between range area and resource content. For strong resource dependence, the relationship tends to become negative exponential ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 1982]]), but is linear with negative correlation if the logarithm of resource content is plotted against the logarithm of range area. Moreover, the range area at a point where the resource proportion is 1 is an estimate of the minimum area of resource required.		The principle that underlies this analysis is that if an animal requires a particular amount of a resource, such as a particular tree or area of habitat, then it will extend its home-range to an extent necessary to contain than amount of resource. If the resource is rarer, range outlines will be larger. In this case, there will be a negative relationship between range area and resource content. For strong resource dependence, the relationship tends to become negative exponential ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 1982]]), but is linear with negative correlation if the logarithm of resource content is plotted against the logarithm of range area. Moreover, the range area at a point where the resource proportion is 1 is an estimate of the minimum area of resource required.
Line 33:		Line 33:
	The default envelope, <i> mcp around max edge file core</i> may allow very little rotation and displacement of large ranges in a small area, which can greatly slow analyses. If resources have a wide distribution, a larger <i>user defined</i> envelope may be used to speed the randomisation, at least for a first quick test, by loading the envelope separately. This is also useful if analysis is focussed in small cores (say, 50% cluster cores), but a polygon around all the locations is being used to standardise the envelope.		The default envelope, <i> mcp around max edge file core</i> may allow very little rotation and displacement of large ranges in a small area, which can greatly slow analyses. If resources have a wide distribution, a larger <i>user defined</i> envelope may be used to speed the randomisation, at least for a first quick test, by loading the envelope separately. This is also useful if analysis is focussed in small cores (say, 50% cluster cores), but a polygon around all the locations is being used to standardise the envelope.

	== Kaplan-Meier ~~survival~~ ==		== Kaplan-Meier Survival ==

	The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.		The Kaplan-Meier approach ([[Bibliography\|Kaplan & Meier 1958]]), as described for radio-tracking by [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]], is provided as a first survival estimation technique. Its interval-based estimation procedure adapts well to the asynchronous (staggered) entries and departures for unknown reasons that are typical for groups of radio-tagged animals.

RobertKenward at 14:53, 22 November 2014

2014-11-22T14:53:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 22 November 2014
Line 5:		Line 5:
	The initial contribution to modelling is a new approach to analysing resources, such as habitats, which can estimate minimal requirements of individual animals and hence enable individual-based modelling. There is also a method for estimating survival or dispersal rates that is convenient for data from radio-tagging. There are illustrated explanations of both methods in ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 2001]]). Further components of a toolkit for modelling will be added to this tab in due course, with the ultimate aspiration of linking these in order to automate population modelling from location data and maps.		The initial contribution to modelling is a new approach to analysing resources, such as habitats, which can estimate minimal requirements of individual animals and hence enable individual-based modelling. There is also a method for estimating survival or dispersal rates that is convenient for data from radio-tagging. There are illustrated explanations of both methods in ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 2001]]). Further components of a toolkit for modelling will be added to this tab in due course, with the ultimate aspiration of linking these in order to automate population modelling from location data and maps.

	== Resource area ~~dependency~~ analysis ==		== Resource area dependence analysis ==

	The principle that underlies this analysis is that if an animal requires a particular amount of a resource, such as a particular tree or area of habitat, then it will extend its home-range to an extent necessary to contain than amount of resource. If the resource is rarer, range outlines will be larger. In this case, there will be a negative relationship between range area and resource content. For strong resource dependence, the relationship tends to become negative exponential ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 1982]]), but is linear with negative correlation if the logarithm of resource content is plotted against the logarithm of range area. Moreover, the range area at a point where the resource proportion is 1 is an estimate of the minimum area of resource required.		The principle that underlies this analysis is that if an animal requires a particular amount of a resource, such as a particular tree or area of habitat, then it will extend its home-range to an extent necessary to contain than amount of resource. If the resource is rarer, range outlines will be larger. In this case, there will be a negative relationship between range area and resource content. For strong resource dependence, the relationship tends to become negative exponential ([[Bibliography\|Kenward 1982]]), but is linear with negative correlation if the logarithm of resource content is plotted against the logarithm of range area. Moreover, the range area at a point where the resource proportion is 1 is an estimate of the minimum area of resource required.

RobertKenward: /* analysis options */

2014-11-22T14:50:50Z

analysis options

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 22 November 2014
Line 43:		Line 43:
	Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oakes (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.		Choice of <i>one set</i> will run an analysis on one survival file, with a plot that includes error bars for 95% confidence limits based on [[Bibliography\|Cox-Oakes (1984)]] variance estimation. The statistics include, for each time interval in the analysis, the number of animals with active tags at the beginning and end of the interval, the number that <i>died</i>, had <i>lost</i> signals for unexplained reasons, were known to have <i>lived</i> through expiry of tag (e.g. due to battery exhaustion) or were added through tag attachment. There is then an estimate of the survival with two types of 95% confidence limits, and the survival decrease since the last period. The numbers in each category are summed at the bottom of the table, with a count of the total number of active tag-days. If the statistics file is saved, it can be opening in Excel or other spreadsheet for <i>.csv</i> files. The <i>.kms</i> graphics file can be opened at a later date in the graphics window.

	Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second [[Selections\|~~’’’Make Selections’’’~~]] button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.		Choice of <i>two sets for comparison</i> will run two plots as above, but also estimate statistics for the comparison between the survival rates. These are log-rank chi-square statistics with one degree of freedom, estimated in progressively more conservative ways, on the penultimate row of the table, and a comparison (see [[Bibliography\|Pollock et al. (1989)]] and [[Bibliography\|Kenward (2001)]] for further details. The two-sets option enables re-entryof the same file as for the first set, using a second '''[[Selections\|Make Selections]]''' button and box to choose a different category of animal (e.g. adult rather than juvenile) within the file.

	=== time interval ===		=== time interval ===